How do hinges and links compare, and when is one recommended over the other?
Answer: Both hinges and links may be used to model localized nonlinear behavior. Depending on modeling goals, either one may be most appropriate. A summary of the primary advantages and comparisons are as follows:
Hinges:
- Hinges are suitable for pushover analysis since hinge state may be displayed graphically for each pushover increment.
- Hinge properties may be entered manually, or automatically, according to FEMA or Caltrans guidelines.
- Multiple hinges may be assigned along element length to simulate the distribution of plasticity along the member.
- Hinges may be used to model strength loss, while link response should increase monotonically.
Links:
- More modeling features are available for links, including energy-dissipation capability, a variety of hysteresis models, and such advanced seismic properties as isolation and Wen plasticity.
- Hysteretic behavior may be specified for multiple DOF within a single link, which is not the case for hinges.
- Links are independent objects which do not require association with a frame element.
- Various link properties are available for modeling steel, concrete, and several types of bearing behavior.
Additional comparisons between hinges and hysteretic links may be found in the Hinge FAQ article.