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The [SAP2000|sap2000:home] bridge modeler provides design templates for conventional deck-section types, including flat slab, concrete box girder, and steel girder with a cast-in-place deck. *Modeling of deck typesdecks not available through the bridge modeler* must be done with direct methods. The advanced SAP2000 modeling features available for direct bridge-deck modeling include the following:

h2. Spine model

* Use the [section designer|Section designer] to develop the bridge cross section.
* Model the bridge superstructure using frame elements to extend the cross section. For complex bridge profiles, SAP2000/Bridge allows users to create bridge geometry using dummy bridge deck sections, then replace the dummy sections with a selection from the section designer.

h2. Area model

* Use frame elements to develop the bridge-deck cross section.
* Create area elements by extruding frame elements along bridge layout lines with the 'Edit' > 'Extrude' > 'Extrude Lines to Areas' option. Users may specify an advanced extrusion path using custom coordinates or a predefined curve.

h2. Solid model

* Use shell elements to develop the bridge deck cross section.
* Extend the shell elements into solid elements by extruding the cross section along bridge layout lines using the 'Edit' > 'Extrude' > 'Extrude Areas to Solids' option.

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*Related incident:*
* {incident:no=25217|comment=Steel box deck section with single box.}

*Related emails:*
* {email:from=ok|to=jh|date=12/22/2011|subject=modeling solid box concrete bridge desk section|comment=|id=8094400}
* {email:from=ok|to=rl|date=1/24/2012|subject=modeling bridge with u-shaped cross-section|comment=|id=8095354}
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