For tendons which are modeled as objects, certain losses may be directly calculated during analysis as described in this article.

Immediate losses

Elastic shortening is an immediate loss which may be calculated within any static load case in which tendons are modeled as objects. To prevent the double-counting of elastic-shortening losses, this parameter should be set to zero under Prestress Loss Parameters or Tendon Load > Elastic Shortening Stress.

Long-term losses

Long-term losses which are calculated during staged-construction load cases include creep, shrinkage, and tendon relaxation. A series of conditions must be met to enable formulation, including the following:

• Tendons are modeled as objects.

• Material time-dependent behavior is specified for concrete and prestressing strand materials.

• Staged construction considers time-dependent material properties through specification within the Nonlinear Parameters form.

To prevent the double-counting of long-term losses, Creep Stress, Shrinkage Stress, and Steel Relaxation Stress should be set to zero within the Prestress Loss Parameters or Tendon Load form.