For tendons which are modeled as objects, certain losses may be directly calculated during analysis, including the following:

Immediate losses

Elastic shortening is an immediate loss which may be calculated within any static load case in which tendons are modeled as objects. To prevent the double-counting of elastic-shortening losses, this parameter should be set to zero under Prestress Loss Parameters or Tendon Load > Elastic Shortening Stress.

Long-term losses

Long-term losses which are calculated during staged-construction load cases include creep, shrinkage, and tendon relaxation. A series of conditions must be met to enable formulation, including the following:

• Tendons are modeled as objects.

• Material time-dependent behavior is specified for concrete and prestressing strand materials.

• Staged construction considers time-dependent material properties through specification within the Nonlinear Parameters form.

To prevent the double-counting of long-term losses, Creep Stress, Shrinkage Stress, and Steel Relaxation Stress should be set to zero within the Prestress Loss Parameters or Tendon Load form.