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Design results using DLF are rarely compared with results from time history dynamic analysis to evaluate the economic and safety consequences of using one approach vs the other. How are the DLF "rule of thumb" values determined, and can they be justified? Having to beef up the structure and foundation can be costly, resulting in project delays. If such changes are truly needed, that's one thing. But if costly design changes are the result of an overconservative and unrealistic analysis approach, that's a problem.
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