...
Is
...
it
...
possible
...
to
...
implement
...
fiber
...
hinges
...
without
...
introducing
...
softening?
...
Extended
...
Question:
...
Fiber
...
hinges
...
seem
...
to
...
introduce
...
artificial
...
flexibility
...
to
...
the
...
model,
...
though
...
hinges
...
are
...
a
...
plastic
...
mechanism
...
which
...
should
...
not
...
influence
...
elastic
...
behavior.
...
Is
...
it
...
possible
...
to
...
implement
...
fiber
...
hinges
...
without
...
introducing
...
softening?
...
Answer:
...
This
...
softening
...
behavior
...
may
...
be
...
attributed
...
to
...
calculation
...
of
...
the
...
fiber-hinge
...
response
...
curve,
...
which
...
proceeds
...
directly
...
from
...
the
...
axial
...
response
...
of
...
individual
...
section
...
fibers.
...
During
...
linear
...
response,
...
fiber
...
elasticity
...
is
...
added
...
to
...
element
...
elasticity,
...
causing
...
softening.
...
To
...
avoid
...
elastic
...
softening,
...
users
...
should
...
divide
...
...
members
...
at
...
hinge
...
locations
...
such
...
that
...
a
...
smaller
...
segment
...
is
...
positioned
...
along
...
the
...
hinge
...
length.
...
A
...
large
...
area
...
property
...
modifier
...
should
...
then
...
be
...
assigned
...
to
...
small
...
sections,
...
using
...
the
...
Assign
...
>
...
Frame
...
>
...
Property
...
Modifiers
...
menu.
...