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- Nonlinear analysis. During Nonlinear-static buckling analysis, the total load is applied incrementally. Stiffness and response are evaluated at each increment. Between each displacement step, stiffness may change due to the following effects:
- P-Delta effect, which involves large tensile or compressive stresses on transverse bending and shear behavior.
- Large-Displacement effect, in which deformed configuration is considered when assembling the equilibrium equations.
- Nonlinear material behavior, in which performance incorporates inelastic response. SAP2000 implements material nonlinearity using frame hinges and nonlinear layered-shell objects.
- P-Delta effect, which involves large tensile or compressive stresses on transverse bending and shear behavior.
- Comparison. Because Nonlinear-static buckling analysis considers material nonlinearity while generating buckling response, results are often more realistic than those of Linear buckling analysis. The results of Nonlinear-static analysis are indicated by a plot of deformed configuration against load application. This plot displays the softening behavior which indicates the onset of buckling.
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