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Within thea *layered shell* element*object, straight normals remain straight, which enforcingenforces full composite behavior between layers. Straight normals do not necessarily remain normal to the mid-surface, allowingwhich allows transverse shear deformation. For membrane and bending behavior, quadratic displacement fields are assumed with appropriate handling to prevent shear locking. Plane-stress behavior is assumed within each layer.

Additional details on the formulation of layered shell elements are available in the {new-tab-link:http://www.csiberkeley.com/}CSI{new-tab-link} [_Analysis Reference Manual_|doc:CSI Analysis Reference Manual] (The Shell Element > Layered, page 159).


h1. See Also

* [Nonlinear shell] article