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Question: What forces are included in the reactions that are reported for direct integration time history analysis, are they: *

  • structural forces corresponding to K*u

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  • damping forces corresponding to C*du/dt

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  • inertia forces corresponding to M*d^2u/dt^2
  • or a combination of the above?

Response: The reactions include the effects of only elastic (or inelastic) forces unless links are connected at the joints in which case the damping forces from links are also included in computing the joint reactions.Time History Analysis