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h1. Simply-supported beam P-δ

*P-δ* is a local effect associated with axial load on displacement relative to the element chord which extends between end nodes. Figure 1 illustrates the influence of P-δ on a simply-supported beam. Here, a transverse distributed load *{_}ω{_}* correlates with elastic bending-stiffness properties *{_}K{_}{*}{*}{_}{~}E{~}{_}* to induce vertical displacement *{_}δ{_}*. An additional flexural contribution comes from the relationship between this deformed configuration and axial loading *{_}P{_}*. The geometric stiffness properties *{_}K{_}{*}{*}{_}{~}G{~}{_}* which dictate this relationship are discussed further in the [P-∆ implementation|kb:P-∆ implementation DRAFT] article. Values for maximum flexural response, which occurs at element midspan, are shown in Figure 1:

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!Figure 1.png|align=center,border=0,width=700pxpxpxpx600px!

{center-text}Figure 1 - P-δ applied to a simply-supported beam{center-text}


h1. Cantilevered column P-δ



h1. Cantilevered column P-∆