Page Comparison

h1. Simply-supported beam P-δ

*P-δ* is a local effect associated with the axial load on deformationdisplacement relative to the element chord extending between end nodes. Figure 1 illustrates the influence of P-δ on a simply-supported beam. Here, a transverse distributed load *{_}ω{_}* correlates with elastic bending-stiffness properties *{_}K{_}{*}{*}{_}{~}E{~}{_}* to induce vertical displacement *{_}δ{_}*. Geometric stiffness *{_}K{_}{*}{*}{_}{~}G{~}{_}* then relates an additional flexural contribution to the relationship between axial loading *{_}P{_}* and this deformed configuration. Maximum flexural response occurs at the element midspan, values for which are shown in Figure 1:

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!Figure 1.png|align=center,border=0,width=800pxpx800pxpxpxpx!

{center-text}Figure 1 - P-δ applied to a simply-supported beam{center-text}


h1. Cantilevered column P-δ



h1. Cantilevered column P-∆